Radiographic Testing (RT)

• Principle of X-rays and Gamma rays
• Film vs Digital Radiography
• Image Interpretation & Defect Types
• Safety Precautions

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

• Basic Principles of Sound Waves
• Pulse-Echo & Through-Transmission Methods
• Calibration & Reference Blocks
• Applications in Weld Inspection

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

• Magnetization Techniques
• Types of Magnetic Particles
• Surface & Subsurface Defect Detection
• Limitations of MT

Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)

• Penetrant Types (Visible & Fluorescent)
• Steps: Cleaning, Application, Development
• Common Indications & Defects
• Advantages & Limitations

Visual Testing (VT)

• Direct vs Remote Visual Inspection
• Tools: Boroscopes, Magnifiers, Cameras
• Surface Condition & Weld Profile Checks
• Acceptance Criteria

Leak Testing (LT)

• Bubble Test & Pressure Decay
• Tracer Gas Methods (Helium, Hydrogen)
• Vacuum Box Testing
• Applications in Pipelines & Tanks

Infrared Thermography (IRT)

• Principle of Heat Radiation
• Thermal Imaging Cameras
• Detection of Subsurface Defects
• Applications in Electrical Systems

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)

• Principle of Phased Array Technology
• Beam Steering & Focusing
• Advantages over Conventional UT
• Applications in Weld & Component Inspection

Positive Material Identification (PMI)

• Principle of XRF & OES Techniques
• On-site Alloy Verification
• Detection of Material Mix-ups
• Applications in Petrochemical & Power Plants

Ultrasonic Thickness Testing (UTT)

• Principle of Pulse-Echo Measurement
• Calibration with Standard Blocks
• Corrosion & Erosion Monitoring
• Applications in Pipelines & Storage Tanks

Helium Leak Test

• Principle of Tracer Gas Detection
• Mass Spectrometer Leak Detectors
• Vacuum and Sniffer Methods
• Applications in High-Pressure Systems

Hydro Test

• Principle of Pressure Testing with Water
• Test Pressure and Holding Time
• Safety Considerations
• Applications in Pipelines, Boilers & Vessels